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Burch Fellow seeks to support Kibera


In May 2000, Rye Barcott stepped off a plane in Nairobi, Kenya. He knew no one, but he would go on to become a researcher, an investigator, a friend, and -- literally -- a member of the gang to the people of an African slum.

Barcott, a senior Peace, War and Defense and International Studies major from Rhode Island, came to Chapel Hill knowing he wanted to focus on African studies. He had traveled to Kenya in 1993 but was not exposed to the urban areas he would eventually come to know through a Burch Fellowship.

The fellowship, established by Carolina alumnus Lucius E. Burch III, is awarded to students who want to conduct a self-designed study in a field of interest that they would otherwise not be able to pursue. With the fellowship, Barcott set out for Kibera, a Nairobi slum, where the streets are made of mud, adequate sewage facilities are nonexistant and electricity is a luxury.

"I went (to Kibera) to basically look at the causes of conflict: how young men were living, what the nature of the conflict was and what were the non-governmental organizations doing to help people," Barcott said. "I was particularly concerned with the incidence of large ethnic conflicts that have arisen in Kibera over the last 10 years."

But Barcott soon discovered his focus on ethnic conflict among males excluded ethnic conflict among women. He then decided to focus on youth as a social, cultural and political category. In addition to lacking basic needs such as sewer facilities, health care, safe drinking water and healthy foods, Kiberan youth lack employment, athletic and educational opportunities -- they are not recognized politically and are often stereotyped as "thugs" or "prostitutes," Barcott said. Youth also deal with an increased susceptibility to AIDS.

Strained relations

Kibera is a collective of 10 villages, about the size of Rhode Island, inhabited by 1.3 million people. But the Kenyan government does not recognize Kibera on its planning maps.

"If the government recognizes the people, then they have to deal with the issue of land tenure, and they have to provide them service," Barcott said. "It's expensive; it will empower (the residents of Kibera)."

The government does not provide services to Kibera; about 200 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) do, and they often are not respected or welcomed by the people, Barcott said.

NGOs are resented and often fail because the people in charge of their operations are not from the slum and don't understand how to structure their services to best serve Kibera. Some NGOs are not located in the slum, and they often work to sustain their own existence instead of that of the residents of Kibera.

As part of his research, Barcott went to the NGOs' headquarters to learn how they operate and why Kiberans resent their presence. What he found were NGOs exploiting residents of Kibera, some intentionally, others through lack of adequate leadership.

For example, one Irish NGO provided food and shelter to kids before it started questioning the effects of its services. The NGO decided it was literally feeding the problem and making it worse, because residents weren't learning self-sufficiency. Leadership also kept changing within the NGO, and the new leader would usurp 50 percent of the annual budget as his own salary, Barcott said.

A German NGO offered to relocate Kiberan residents and build them new housing. Many residents, often uneducated, signed contracts they could not read or understand. Once the new housing was established, the residents were informed of a 300 percent rent increase they could not afford and were evicted. But the new housing was built on the outskirts of the slum and soon became a low-income community.

Enlisting Carolina

While in Kibera, Barcott gave some of his fellowship allowance to an NGO he thought was adequately serving the people, but he wanted to give more. When he returned to Chapel Hill in the fall, Barcott founded Carolina for Kibera (CFK), a non-profit organization.

"The idea of CFK now is to generate money here in the United States and fund an organization that exists in Kibera," Barcott said, "not going to create your own."

CFK is incorporated by Patton Boggs, the nation's leading international law firm located in Washington, D.C. The IRS does not recognize charitable organizations overseas, such as CKF, but Patton Boggs -- free of charge -- has helped recognize CFK as a tax-exempt organization and legitimize the CFK mission to donate its funds directly to Kibera.

Carolina faculty and staff have also pitched in to get CFK off the ground. CFK Board of Trustees include James Peacock, professor of anthropology; Nicholas Didow, professor of business; and Professor Julius Nyang'oro, chair of African and Afro-American Studies curriculum. The staff side includes Caroline Okun, global immersion elective co-ordinator for international programs in the Kenan-Flagler Business School.

Okun, creative director for CFK, said the idea behind CFK is not to tell Kiberans what to do with the money, but to support them in what they already know and give them a little help in doing it.

"You're not trying to instill guilt in people, like `These people are suffering in Africa, give them money,'" Okun said. "You're trying to say these people have already taken the first step and look at how happy they are." Okun creates promotional materials for the organization and maintains a CFK web site on a volunteer basis.

CFK is considering three programs that could benefit from its donation. One program is the Kibera Youth Sports and Environment Association (KIYESA), which is based on the Mathare Youth Sports Organization, a soccer league of about 1,200 teenagers started in 1987. But KIYESA lacks resources to benefit a wide range of youth like the Mathare group.

"(Mathare Youth Sports) is an organization that essentializes the way an NGO should be run," Barcott said. "And that is, it's run by the folks themselves, and all the ideas are generated by the youth who live in Mathare." In fact, a 15-year-old runs the program, and the leadership rotates each year.

The common love for the sport brings the kids together where they can develop a respect of communal values. Donations from CFK will help provide resources for KIYESA to serve more youth in Kibera and will also implement an AIDS awareness program.

Other organizations that could benefit from the CFK donation are the Junior Ghetto Credit Scheme, a small micro-credit program that will lend money to young men to start their own businesses and a nursery school program that will teach basic skills to children who cannot afford to attend school.

More money needed

CFK currently has one-fifth of the $20,000 it hopes to raise by the end of this summer. A grant awarded by the provost and the University Center for International Studies will mean that donated funds won't be needed for administrative tasks, such as airfare and immunizations. Barcott will return to Kibera in May to present the donations.

"There are a lot of people out there who have a lot of money to give away," said Alan Cross, a Carolina social medicine and pediatrics professor and CFK adviser. "We just need to make a good case for why this is one area where they should be giving it."

Cross met Barcott by chance and learned the young man would be conducting a Burch fellowship in Kibera, where Cross had completed sabbatical work 11 years earlier. Cross now advises Barcott on ideas that could extend CFK's survival as a campus organization.

"Inclusion of faculty as key members of CFK helps illustrate what a phenomenal University we have," Barcott said. "It is indicative of the opportunities available to undergraduates and the willingness of faculty to help support undergraduates who take initiative to ask for advice and guidance."

Faculty, staff and students can do more for CFK than donate money -- they can learn about other cultures and ways of life. "It is very important for American youth to visit other countries and see how other people live," Cross said. "It's even more important as American culture dominates the world, for better or worse. We need to see that other cultures have learned how to do things that we have never imagined."


How to donate to CFK


People can make tax-deductible donations to CFK by mailing them to:

Carolina for Kibera

CB# 3263, 134 E. Franklin St.

Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3263

Phone: 914-6707; fax: 919-962-8485

For more information on Carolina for Kibera, including mission statement, background, board members and NGOs that will receive donations, see the CFK web site at http://www.unc.edu/depts/cfk

Also, Rye Barcott will be the guest on David Crabtree's WRAL Channel 5 feature show on April 28. The show will air at 7:30 p.m.


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