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Sowing seeds for health


Research shows it pays to take care of yourself

Regular gardening, walking or swimming and simple changes in the home could significantly reduce health-related expenses for older Americans and the federal government, a new University study suggests.

Sally C. Stearns, associate professor of health policy and administration at the School of Public Health, and colleagues conducted the study.

"We found that certain activities were associated with a five to 10 percent reduction in average monthly Medicare expenditures," Stearns said. "Monthly expenditures were 7.4 percent less at 12 months among people who swam or walked regularly vs. those who did not and 8.4 percent less at 48 months."

Regular gardeners saw a 5.6 percent reduction in such costs, she said.

A report on the findings appears in the October issue of the American Journal of Public Health.

Besides Stearns, University authors are Shulamit L. Bernard, Sarah B. Fasick, Robert Schwartz, Robert Kondrad and Gordon DeFriese, director of the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research. Marcia G. Ory of the National Institute on Aging also helped with the work.

The group undertook the study to learn whether simple, everyday activities designed to improve health and functioning could cut health care costs, Stearns said. It involved analyzing data from 2,921 U.S. residents who were part of a nationally representative survey of people over age 65 - the National Survey of Self-Care and Aging. Researchers also analyzed Medicare claims data at 12 and 48 months after the initial survey.

Making homes safer by using non-skid rugs, installing hand rails in bathrooms and making other modest changes resulted in a 10 percent monthly reduction in Medicare costs after a year, researchers found. Personal medical monitoring of blood pressure, urine and other health signs caused a 4.3 percent drop after 48 months.

"In contrast to these encouraging results, we also found that average monthly expenditures increased by roughly 15 percent during the 12-month follow-up for people who indicated that they had quit smoking when compared with people who had never smoked," Stearns said. "This may be due to our inability to control for the length of time since the decision to quit and the fact that some people may have suffered substantial health impairment prior to quitting."

Several factors were unexpectedly associated with higher expenditures, and so more detailed research is needed, she said. In the meantime, the evidence is encouraging and suggests that people who actively seek to improve their health will be healthier in the long run and incur fewer medical expenses later in life.


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