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FYI Research: Professor seeks help for the "unbanked"


Would you pay $22 a month just to cash your paycheck?

That's what some check-cashing services charge to process a $500 check. Such high-cost services are the alternative to banks for 10 million U.S. families who don't have checking accounts, much less savings or retirement accounts.

"Unbanked" families -- those who don't enter the mainstream banking system -- can end up paying as much as $500 a year for check-cashing and money orders just to pay bills, said Michael Stegman, chair of Carolina's public policy program.

And they find it impossible to get a loan for a car, home, or education or even a credit card. For that reason, Stegman is working to educate more people about the financial system and encourage them to take advantage of it.

There are a variety of reasons why people may not open bank accounts, Stegman said. For example, some immigrants may come from countries where banks were unstable and not to be trusted. Through the Frank Hawkins Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise's Center for Community Capitalism, which he directs, Stegman and his staff do interviews and other research to learn why low-income people don't have bank accounts, what kinds of accounts would be attractive to them and what they would be willing to pay for them.

"All federally insured banks are by law obligated to provide services that meet the needs of the communities they serve, including low-income communities," he said.

Some little-known laws may make that easier. Legislation passed in 1996 mandates electronic transfer of federal benefit checks such as Social Security, food stamps and Supplemental Security Income. Electronic benefit transfer (EBT) was originally passed to save the government money, Stegman said.

It costs 43 cents to process and distribute a benefit check by mail, as opposed to 2 cents to do that electronically. A byproduct of this legislation is that the government is trying to bring more benefit recipients into the banking system.

Stegman advocates that banks take EBT a step further by combining it with special savings accounts that would provide low-income people with matching funds for their savings. He helped draft the proposed Savings for Working Families Act of 2000, introduced in February by Sen. Joseph Lieberman (D-Conn.), which would give federal tax credits to banks that offered such savings accounts. Stegman's recommendations are outlined in his book, Savings for the Poor: The Hidden Benefits of Electronic Banking.

Stegman also testified on June 27 on the proposed First Accounts Act of 2000, sponsored by Sen. John J. LaFalce (D-N.Y.). It would provide $30 million to the U.S. Treasury Department to form partnerships with banks, community organizations and others that encourage financial institutions to create banking products for working poor people.

Bringing low- and moderate-income people into the financial system can have benefits for banks too, Stegman said. "I think this is a market with upward potential."

Provided by Graduate Studies and Research

Writer: Angela Spivey

Editor: Neil Caudle


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